{
  "reviewed_at": "2026-10-08",
  "scope": "Horn of Africa, North/East Africa and the Red Sea. A researched source inventory, not a claim to collect the entire public internet. Runtime availability is in /api/v1/status.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "GDELT GKG",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "English and translated-source headline discovery, refreshed every 30 minutes. Keyword coverage is incomplete; third-party article rights remain with publishers.",
      "url": "https://www.gdeltproject.org/data.html"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Voices",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Two regional RSS feeds. CC BY 3.0 headlines with author, date and original link; no copied article bodies. A successful poll can return no qualifying recent story.",
      "url": "https://globalvoices.org/about/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ReliefWeb / OCHA",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "state": "Approval required",
      "use": "Humanitarian reports and situation updates. V2 requires a pre-approved appname. Partner documents retain their own rights; API access does not license every attachment.",
      "url": "https://apidoc.reliefweb.int/"
    },
    {
      "name": "UN News",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "state": "Rights review",
      "use": "Africa RSS responded successfully in testing. Evaluate headline linking and commercial syndication terms before adding it to the paid-data pipeline.",
      "url": "https://news.un.org/en/about-us/terms-use"
    },
    {
      "name": "Regional publishers",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "state": "Rights review",
      "use": "Prioritise Sudan Tribune, Radio Dabanga, Radio Tamazuj, Addis Standard, The Reporter Ethiopia, Hiiraan Online, Garowe Online and African Arguments. Arrange feed permissions and keep party/state outlets explicitly attributed.",
      "url": "https://www.gdeltproject.org/data.html"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reuters / AP / AFP / BBC / Al Jazeera",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "state": "Licence review",
      "use": "Useful corroboration and multilingual coverage. Search visibility does not grant an article, photo, video or commercial syndication licence. Obtain publisher-specific feed rights.",
      "url": "https://www.reutersconnect.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telegram",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Restricted",
      "use": "Current content-licensing terms prohibit broad scraping, aggregation and AI use. Do not run a mass channel scraper. Any consent-based submission workflow must meet the platform terms and contributors’ rights.",
      "url": "https://telegram.org/tos/content-licensing"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bluesky / AT Protocol",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Access blocked in test",
      "use": "Public search returned HTTP 403 from both the local machine and VPS. No collection is running. Resolve documented access and review storage, deletion, display and privacy rules before activation.",
      "url": "https://bsky.social/about/support/tos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mastodon",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Instance review",
      "use": "Public availability varies by instance and endpoint. Start with consenting publisher accounts; honour instance policies, content licences and deletion. No universal search feed is assumed.",
      "url": "https://docs.joinmastodon.org/api/"
    },
    {
      "name": "YouTube",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Credentials required",
      "use": "Use the official Data API for discovery and compliant embeds. Credentials, quotas, deletion/refresh rules and audiovisual-download restrictions apply. Video analysis requires a separately lawful copy.",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/youtube/terms/developer-policies"
    },
    {
      "name": "X",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Contract required",
      "use": "Approved API access and a suitable plan are needed. Public display and removal rules apply; redistribution through an API is generally restricted to IDs unless another agreement permits more.",
      "url": "https://docs.x.com/developer-terms/policy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reddit",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Commercial approval required",
      "use": "The Data API terms require a separate agreement for commercial uses outside the stated grant. Do not republish a scraped dataset through PharoSec’s API.",
      "url": "https://redditinc.com/policies/data-api-terms"
    },
    {
      "name": "Facebook / Instagram / TikTok",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Eligibility and rights review",
      "use": "Research access is not equivalent to a commercial redistribution licence. Assess official APIs, eligible research programmes or licensed partners individually; private groups and messages are excluded.",
      "url": "https://transparency.meta.com/researchtools/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Direct contributor evidence",
      "category": "Social",
      "state": "Planned",
      "use": "A consent-based submission route can provide original files, capture context and permission to analyse/display. It needs moderation, source protection, withdrawal/deletion and an authenticated private review system.",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/publications/policy-and-methodological-publications/berkeley-protocol-digital-open-source"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sentinel-2 / Element 84",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Up to six usable 10 m optical passes per watch area within 35 days. Georeferenced crops, acquisition time, cloud metadata and source links; checked every six hours.",
      "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/sentinel-2-l2a-cogs/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Landsat 8–9 / USGS / Planetary Computer",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Up to two additional 30 m optical crops per area within 45 days. USGS scale/offset and a documented fixed display stretch are applied. Resampling does not create finer detail.",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-surface-reflectance"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sentinel-1 / Alaska Satellite Facility",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Catalogue connected",
      "use": "Up to eight radar acquisition records per area, with orbit, polarisation, time and footprint. Raw downloads and terrain-corrected image analysis are not connected; Earthdata access and processing are separate steps.",
      "url": "https://docs.asf.alaska.edu/api/keywords/"
    },
    {
      "name": "NASA GIBS",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Selectable daily Suomi NPP VIIRS, NOAA-20 VIIRS, Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS context imagery. Dates identify composites, not continuous video or street-level resolution.",
      "url": "https://nasa-gibs.github.io/gibs-api-docs/available-visualizations/"
    },
    {
      "name": "NASA FIRMS",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Suomi NPP, NOAA-20 and NOAA-21 VIIRS plus Terra/Aqua MODIS observations. Sensors retain their own times, nominal resolution and confidence. Repeated detections are not independent incidents.",
      "url": "https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/active_fire/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Data Space",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Alternative access",
      "use": "STAC/OData discovery and registered download/processing. A resilience path for the same Sentinel acquisitions, not extra independent evidence. Sentinel data rights differ from website-content rights.",
      "url": "https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/terms-and-conditions"
    },
    {
      "name": "NASA Black Marble / VIIRS night lights",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Planned",
      "use": "Potential regional infrastructure context. Use quality flags and suitable baselines; moonlight, clouds and power availability complicate interpretation. Do not equate dimming with an attack.",
      "url": "https://blackmarble.gsfc.nasa.gov/"
    },
    {
      "name": "EUMETSAT Meteosat",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Access review",
      "use": "Frequent regional weather context can help rule out clouds and storms. Product-specific registration, resolution, cadence and use terms must be checked before integration.",
      "url": "https://user.eumetsat.int/"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNOSAT / Copernicus Emergency Management",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Product-level review",
      "use": "Published humanitarian damage and disaster assessments are useful analyst evidence. Preserve observation dates, validation caveats and each product’s attribution and redistribution terms.",
      "url": "https://unosat.org/products/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Planet / Vantor / Airbus / ICEYE / Capella",
      "category": "Satellite",
      "state": "Commercial licensing",
      "use": "Higher-resolution optical and radar acquisitions need provider contracts, archive/tasking budgets and explicit public-display/API redistribution rights. Do not advertise guaranteed coverage before procurement.",
      "url": "https://developers.maxar.com/docs/discovery/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HDX HAPI",
      "category": "Context",
      "state": "Registration and dataset review",
      "use": "Humanitarian context with source-resource metadata. Generate an app identifier using an authorised operator contact; preserve underlying dataset-specific licences, including ACLED restrictions.",
      "url": "https://hdx-hapi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting-started/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ACLED",
      "category": "Context",
      "state": "Commercial agreement required",
      "use": "Valuable coded event data. The standard EULA is non-commercial and limits redistributable derivatives. A paid API needs explicit commercial and onward-distribution rights; events do not define control polygons.",
      "url": "https://acleddata.com/eula"
    },
    {
      "name": "UCDP",
      "category": "Context",
      "state": "Dataset review",
      "use": "Historical conflict/event baselines for evaluation. Check release dates, geographic scope and the selected dataset’s licence. Historical coding is not a live control feed.",
      "url": "https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/"
    },
    {
      "name": "GDACS",
      "category": "Context",
      "state": "Tested; not connected",
      "use": "The published disaster RSS responded successfully. Flood, cyclone and earthquake context can help distinguish non-conflict changes; preserve event-specific timestamps and JRC attribution.",
      "url": "https://www.gdacs.org/feed_reference.aspx"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenStreetMap / Natural Earth",
      "category": "Context",
      "state": "Regular map and reference outlines connected",
      "use": "OSM standard raster tiles for interactive viewport only, with visible contributor attribution. No offline prefetch or bulk download; best-effort public tile availability. Natural Earth provides public-domain reference outlines, not territorial control.",
      "url": "https://operations.osmfoundation.org/policies/tiles/"
    },
    {
      "name": "UKMTO / JMIC / IMO",
      "category": "Maritime",
      "state": "Feed and rights review",
      "use": "Official incident notices and maritime context. Retain issue time, correction history and attributed assessments. Do not reproduce incident maps or entire notices without checking terms.",
      "url": "https://www.ukmto.org/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Fishing Watch / licensed AIS",
      "category": "Maritime",
      "state": "Access and licence review",
      "use": "AIS coverage, latency and spoofing vary. A public map is not a universal live vessel API. Review account terms and onward redistribution; exclude personal vessel tracking and tactical targeting.",
      "url": "https://globalfishingwatch.org/our-apis/"
    },
    {
      "name": "World Bank / IMF PortWatch",
      "category": "Maritime",
      "state": "Dataset review",
      "use": "Economic baselines and aggregate port/shipping activity for commercial users. Check each dataset’s licence, revision history and lag; do not present aggregates as live vessel positions.",
      "url": "https://portwatch.imf.org/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laya",
      "category": "Verification",
      "state": "Evaluation proposed",
      "use": "Apache-2.0 text classification can help route review work. It cannot inspect pixels or independently verify truth. Evaluate Arabic, Amharic, Tigrinya, Somali, Oromo, English and French before deployment.",
      "url": "https://huggingface.co/convaiinnovations/laya"
    },
    {
      "name": "InVID / WeVerify",
      "category": "Verification",
      "state": "Analyst workflow",
      "use": "Keyframes, metadata and reverse-image investigation support manual media verification. Browser tools are not an automatically licensed bulk API; secure permission for any external lookup or media copy.",
      "url": "https://www.invid-project.eu/tools-and-services/invid-verification-plugin/"
    },
    {
      "name": "C2PA Content Credentials",
      "category": "Verification",
      "state": "Planned",
      "use": "Validate signed provenance when present. Missing credentials are not evidence of fakery, and a valid signature does not prove a pictured event or caption is true.",
      "url": "https://c2pa.org/faqs/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikimedia Commons / Sudan community territory",
      "category": "Territory",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Five regional group fills, three initial published revisions including 3 October 2026. Source checked every six hours; newest 48 hours withheld. CC BY-SA 4.0 derived GeoJSON with full credit and conversion notes. Revision date is not whole-map verification. Original point/aircraft/contested-pattern symbols are excluded. Community accuracy and completeness are not independently verified.",
      "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:War_in_Sudan_(2023).svg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Liveuamap / Syria and Sudan",
      "category": "Territory",
      "state": "Researched; no connected polygon feed",
      "use": "The Syria map is a relevant control-map precedent. About/terms permit attributed reuse of maps and polygons, while enterprise API access is separately offered. Sudan public HTML exposes no polygons, and direct client-resource research was denied (403); no access bypass or guessed boundaries. Attribution permission does not guarantee a Sudan polygon feed exists.",
      "url": "https://liveuamap.com/about"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carter Center / Syria mapping",
      "category": "Territory",
      "state": "Historical design and methodology reference",
      "use": "Syria mapping combined social-media analysis and expert conflict research. A useful precedent for dated territorial maps and analyst review, not a present Horn territorial data feed.",
      "url": "https://www.cartercenter.org/country/syria/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sudans Post / Hiraal territorial maps",
      "category": "Territory",
      "state": "Reference; redistribution review",
      "use": "Sudans Post published a Sudan map dated 25 September 2026. Hiraal published a Somalia control/influence map dated 15 February 2026. Public viewing does not grant geometry or image redistribution rights; no proprietary map traced or copied. Somalia Commons alternative is disputed and dated March 2025, so not used as current.",
      "url": "https://www.sudanspost.com/category/maps/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikimedia Commons / Ethiopia community control map",
      "category": "Territorial control",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Dated CC BY-SA 4.0 filled control areas; georeferenced and clipped to the country frame. Source checked every six hours, edits withheld for 48 hours. Community cartography, not independent verification. Umbrella categories are not disaggregated.",
      "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopian_Civil_War_(2020-present).svg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikimedia Commons / Yemen community control map",
      "category": "Territorial control",
      "state": "Connected",
      "use": "Dated CC BY-SA 4.0 filled control areas; georeferenced and clipped to the country frame. Source checked every six hours, edits withheld for 48 hours. Community cartography, not independent verification. Umbrella categories are not disaggregated.",
      "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yemeni_Civil_War.svg"
    }
  ]
}